Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia (Video) | JoVE (2024)

Medicine

Published: November 6th, 2017

DOI:

10.3791/56137

Victor T.T. Chan1,

Tiffany H.K. Tso1, Fangyao Tang1, Clement Tham1, Vincent Mok2,3,4, Christopher Chen5,6, Tien Y. Wong7,8, Carol Y. Cheung1

1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,

3Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 5Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, 6Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 7Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 8Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore

The retina shares prominent similarities with the brain and thus represents a unique window to study vasculature and neuronal structure in the brain non-invasively. This protocol describes a method to study dementia using retinal imaging techniques. This method can potentially aid in diagnosis and risk assessment of dementia.

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The retina offers a unique “window” to study pathophysiological processes of dementia in the brain, as it is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS) and shares prominent similarities with the brain in terms of embryological origin, anatomical features and physiological properties. The vascular and neuronal structure in the retina can now be visualized easily and non-invasively using retinal imaging techniques, including fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and quantified semi-automatically using computer-assisted analysis programs. Studying the associations between vascular and neuronal changes in the retina and dementia could improve our understanding of dementia and, potentially, aid in diagnosis and risk assessment. This protocol aims to describe a method of quantifying and analyzing retinal vasculature and neuronal structure, which are potentially associated with dementia. This protocol also provides examples of retinal changes in subjects with dementia, and discusses technical issues and current limitations of retinal imaging.

Owing to increases in life expectancy, dementia has become a major medical problem, contributing to significant social and economic health burden globally1,2,3,4,5. Today, a person in the United States develops Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, every 66 s6. It has been estimated that by the year 2050, 115 million people will be affected by AD7.

The retina offers a unique “windowR....

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All methods described here have been approved by a local clinical research ethics committee in Hong Kong.

Note: For simplicity, the equipment listed in the Table of Materials is used to illustrate the procedures of retinal imaging and subsequent analysis. Measurement of retinal vascular parameters is illustrated using the Singapore I Vessel Assessment program (SIVA) 17 (Version 4.0, National University of Singapore, Singapore). However, it should be not.......

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia (Video) | JoVE (1)
Figure 10: An example to show the differences in retinal vasculature between a normal subject and an AD subject. When compared to the normal subject, fundus photograph of the AD subject showed narrower vessel calibers (CRAE of Zone B, 116.4 µm vs. 156.4 µm; CRVE of Zone B, 186.9 µm vs. 207.5 µm; CRAE of Zone C, 138........

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This protocol describes the procedures of quantifying neuronal and vascular changes in the retina in vivo. As the retina shares similar embryological origins, anatomical features and physiological properties with the brain, these retinal changes may reflect similar changes of vasculature and neuronal structure in the brain.

As shown in Figure 10 and Table 1, the AD subject showed decreased vessel calibers when compared to the healt.......

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We would like to express our appreciation to the School of Computing, National University of Singapore for technical support and the Health and Medical Research Fund (04153506), Hong Kong for funding support.

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Non-mydriatic Retinal CameraTopcon, Inc, Tokyo, JapanTRC 50DXN/A
Singapore I Vessel Assessment ProgramNational University of SingaporeVersion 4.0N/A
CIRRUS HD-OCTCarl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, CAModel 4000N/A
Mydriatic AgentsN/AN/APrepared from 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia (Video) | JoVE (2024)

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